Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: A novel self-amplified RNA vaccine co-expressing NA and HA1 delivered by Salmonella confers potent protection against H9N2 influenza in chickens

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.107072

Figure Lengend Snippet: Intracellular cytokine production. Chicken splenic lymphocytes were isolated for analysis. Cell proliferation was assessed using CCK-8 analysis with ConA (A), mixed HA1 peptides (B), and NA protein (C). Additionally, the production of IFN-γ by splenic T lymphocytes was measured via an ELISpot assay, utilizing NA and HA1 proteins as stimulators for 36 h (D).

Article Snippet: IFN-γ production was assessed using a commercial Chicken IFN-γ ELISpot kit (Mabtech, Sweden).

Techniques: Isolation, CCK-8 Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunospot

Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: A novel self-amplified RNA vaccine co-expressing NA and HA1 delivered by Salmonella confers potent protection against H9N2 influenza in chickens

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.107072

Figure Lengend Snippet: Intracellular cytokine production. The intracellular mRNA expression levels of IL-4 (B, D) and IFN-γ (A, C)—as well as the relative concentrations of these cytokines in cell culture supernatants stimulated by the NA peptide (E, F) or HA1 protein (G, H) for 48 h—were determined using qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM and analyzed using one-way ANOVA (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001; n = 4).

Article Snippet: IFN-γ production was assessed using a commercial Chicken IFN-γ ELISpot kit (Mabtech, Sweden).

Techniques: Expressing, Cell Culture, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Splenic dendritic cell-targeting mRNA transfection of H-type ionizable lipid-based LNPs for enhancing tumor immunotherapy

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.018

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo DC maturation and T cell activation in C57BL/6J mice induced by mOVA/H 18 NPs through intravenous injection. C57BL/6J mice were vaccinated with different formulations on Day 0 and Day 5. On Day 10, the spleens of mice were collected and analyzed by flow cytometry. Quantification analysis of (A) CD80 + CD86 + DCs and (B) CD40 + DCs in the spleen. Quantification analysis of (C) CD3 + CD4 + T cells and (D) CD3 + CD8 + T cells in the spleen. (E) Quantification analysis and (F) representative flow cytometry contour plots of OVA-specific CD8 + T cells among all cell populations in the spleen. (G) Quantification analysis and (H) representative flow cytometry contour plots of IFN-γ + CD8 + T cells among all cell populations in the spleen. (I) Quantification results and (J) representative images of IFN- γ -secreting immune cells in the spleen of mice analyzed by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay. Data were shown as mean ± SD (n = 3).

Article Snippet: Quantification analysis of (C) CD3 + CD4 + T cells and (D) CD3 + CD8 + T cells in the spleen. (E) Quantification analysis and (F) representative flow cytometry contour plots of OVA-specific CD8 + T cells among all cell populations in the spleen. (G) Quantification analysis and (H) representative flow cytometry contour plots of IFN-γ + CD8 + T cells among all cell populations in the spleen. (I) Quantification results and (J) representative images of IFN- γ -secreting immune cells in the spleen of mice analyzed by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay.

Techniques: In Vivo, Activation Assay, Injection, Flow Cytometry, Enzyme-linked Immunospot

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Spleen-targeted neoantigen mRNA vaccine induces ISG15 + CD8 + T cell-mediated tertiary lymphoid structure formation in hepatocellular carcinoma

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102754

Figure Lengend Snippet: Splenic immune responses mediated by STNvac (A) Schematic illustration showing that STNvac promotes DC activation and antigen-specific T cell induction. (B) Representative immunofluorescence images showing the localization of CD11c + DCs (green) and Cy5-labeled mRNA (red) in the spleen of C57BL/6 mouse 6 h after intravenous administration of LNP-mRNA Cy5 (N/P = 0.5). MZ, marginal zone; WP, white pulp; RP, red pulp. Scale bars, 50 μm. (C and D) Ex vivo IFN-γ ELISpot analysis of STNvac-immunized mice. (C) Representative ELISpot images. (D) Quantification of IFN-γ spot-forming units. (E and F) Flow cytometry analysis of splenic immune cell activation after 48 h of STNvac administration. (E) Representative contour plots. (F) Quantitative analysis. Statistics: one-way ANOVA for (D) and (F). Mean ± SD ( n = 3 biological replicates). Significance levels: ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001. See also and .

Article Snippet: Mouse IFN-γ ELISpot Kit , Mabtech , Cat#3321-4AST-2.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Immunofluorescence, Labeling, Ex Vivo, Enzyme-linked Immunospot, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Spleen-targeted neoantigen mRNA vaccine induces ISG15 + CD8 + T cell-mediated tertiary lymphoid structure formation in hepatocellular carcinoma

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102754

Figure Lengend Snippet: Therapeutic efficacy and tumor microenvironment (TME) alterations induced by STNvac treatment (A) Schematic illustration of the treatment schedule ( n = 7 mice per group). (B) Bioluminescence images showing tumor burden in orthotopic HCC-bearing mice receiving PBS (G1), Neo-mRNA (G2), LNP-scramble mRNA (G3), or STNvac (G4) during the 8-week observation period. (C) Total bioluminescence flux for individual mice corresponding to (B). (D) Survival curves of mice in different treatment groups. (E) Mean body weight of mice monitored throughout the study period, showing no significant loss. (F and G) Flow cytometry analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells collected 72 h after the final vaccination (day 10): (F) quantitative analysis ( n = 5 biological replicates) and (G) representative contour plots. (H) Immunofluorescence staining of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in dissected tumor sections. Scale bars, 50 μm. (I) Cytokine levels (IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) in tumor lysates measured by ELISA ( n = 5 biological replicates, day 10). Statistics: one-way ANOVA for (F) and (I); log rank (Mantel-Cox) test for (D). Mean ± SD. Significance levels: ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001. See also and .

Article Snippet: Mouse IFN-γ ELISpot Kit , Mabtech , Cat#3321-4AST-2.

Techniques: Drug discovery, Flow Cytometry, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Spleen-targeted neoantigen mRNA vaccine induces ISG15 + CD8 + T cell-mediated tertiary lymphoid structure formation in hepatocellular carcinoma

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102754

Figure Lengend Snippet: STNvac-induced enhancement of tumor infiltration, antigen-presenting capacity, and cytotoxic activity of ISG15 + CD8 + T cells (A) UMAP visualization of single-cell transcriptomes from CD45 + immune cells. (B) Relative proportions of major immune cell populations in PBS and STNvac groups. (C) UMAP visualization of T cell clusters from PBS and STNvac groups. (D) Relative proportions of different T cell clusters in PBS and STNvac groups. (E) Violin plots showing expression levels of T cell function markers across T cell clusters. (F) Representative multicolor immunofluorescence images of tumor sections showing co-localization of ISG15 + CD8 + T cells with GZMB and IFN-γ in PBS and STNvac groups. Scale bars, 50 μm. (G) Quantification of ISG15 + CD8 + T cell density co-expressing GZMB and IFN-γ, corresponding to (F). Unpaired two-tailed t test; ∗p < 0.05. Mean ± SD ( n = 3 biological replicates). (H) Comparative GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of ISG15 + CD8 + T cells between PBS and STNvac groups. (I) Kaplan-Meier curves showing 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFI) for HCC patients in TCGA: LIHC cohort stratified by ISG15 + CD8 + T cell signatures. See also and .

Article Snippet: Mouse IFN-γ ELISpot Kit , Mabtech , Cat#3321-4AST-2.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Single Cell, Expressing, Cell Function Assay, Immunofluorescence, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Vaccines

Article Title: TTV Viremia and Immune Responses Following Vaccination Against Mpox and Dengue Viruses

doi: 10.3390/vaccines14050441

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation between pre-vaccination TTV VL and T cell-specific responses to the MVA-BN vaccine (assessed by interferon-γ ELISPOT) after first (empty square) or second (full square) vaccine dose. Results are expressed as number of spot-forming cells per 10 6 PBMCs in stimulating cultures. The best-fit line and 95% confidence bands of the linear regression analysis are represented by solid and dotted lines, respectively. Footnotes: TTV: Torquetenovirus, VL: viral load; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cell.

Article Snippet: Live PBMCs were counted by trypan blue exclusion and plated at 3 × 10 5 cells/well in ELISPOT plates (Human IFN-y ELISpot plus kit; Mabtech, Nacka Strand, Sweden).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunospot

Journal: Vaccines

Article Title: TTV Viremia and Immune Responses Following Vaccination Against Mpox and Dengue Viruses

doi: 10.3390/vaccines14050441

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation between pre-vaccination TTV VL and IFN-γ-producing T cells specific for DGV CD4 (empty square) and CD8 MPs (full square) detected by ELISPOT after TAK-003 (Qdenga ® ) vaccination. The T-cell response is expressed as SFC per 10 6 PBMCs. The best-fit line and 95% confidence bands of the linear regression analysis are represented by solid and dotted lines, respectively. Footnotes: TTV: Torquetenovirus, VL: viral load; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cell, CD: Cluster Definition; MP: MegaPool.

Article Snippet: Live PBMCs were counted by trypan blue exclusion and plated at 3 × 10 5 cells/well in ELISPOT plates (Human IFN-y ELISpot plus kit; Mabtech, Nacka Strand, Sweden).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunospot

Journal: Vaccines

Article Title: TTV Viremia and Immune Responses Following Vaccination Against Mpox and Dengue Viruses

doi: 10.3390/vaccines14050441

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation between pre-vaccination TTV VL and anti- MPXV IgGs (circle), nAbs (triangle) titers and T cell-specific responses to the MVA-BN vaccine (assessed by interferon-γ ELISpot) (square) after first vaccine dose in PLWH (orange) and PLWoH (green) within the Mpox-Vac group. The best-fit line and 95% confidence bands of the linear regression analysis are represented by solid and dotted lines, respectively. Footnotes: TTV: Torquetenovirus, VL: viral load; MPXV: Mpox virus, PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cell.

Article Snippet: Live PBMCs were counted by trypan blue exclusion and plated at 3 × 10 5 cells/well in ELISPOT plates (Human IFN-y ELISpot plus kit; Mabtech, Nacka Strand, Sweden).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunospot, Virus

Journal: Vaccines

Article Title: TTV Viremia and Immune Responses Following Vaccination Against Mpox and Dengue Viruses

doi: 10.3390/vaccines14050441

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation between pre-vaccination TTV VL and anti-MPXV IgGs (circle), nAbs (triangle) titers and T cell-specific responses to the MVA-BN vaccine (assessed by interferon-γ ELISpot) (square) after second vaccine dose in PLWH (orange) and PLWoH (green) within the Mpox-Vac group. The best-fit line and 95% confidence bands of the linear regression analysis are represented by solid and dotted lines, respectively. Footnotes: TTV: Torquetenovirus, VL: viral load; MPXV: Mpox virus, PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cell.

Article Snippet: Live PBMCs were counted by trypan blue exclusion and plated at 3 × 10 5 cells/well in ELISPOT plates (Human IFN-y ELISpot plus kit; Mabtech, Nacka Strand, Sweden).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunospot, Virus